Chinese Journal of European Studies No.2 ,2009-中国社会科学院欧洲研究所

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Chinese Journal of European Studies No.2 ,2009

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ARTICLES

1 The Changing Ideas and Policies: An Interpretation of the Social Policy of the UK Labour Party

LIN Deshan

The Welfare State system established in the 1940s in the UK was a compromise among the UK's different political powers and ideas, which are always undergoing continuous changes. The ideas about equality, distribution and the role of state determine the range of choice in social policy. As one of the main founders, the ideas of the Labour Party about welfare state directly affect the changing social policy in the UK, which become our starting point to interpret the social policy supported by the Labour.

15 Party Competition and Welfare Policies: An Analysis of the Welfare Policy Claims in the Ruling Parties'Manifestoes in the UK General Elections since 1950

GUO Jing

The influence of party competition on state policies is an indicator for evaluating the Western political systems and the roles of the political parties. This paper analyses the welfare policy claims put forward by the UK ruling parties in their manifestoes in each of the general election campaigns since 1950. The methods used in this paper include content cataloguing and comparison and analysis of the different welfare policy claims and of the changes of the political orientation of the ruling parties at various times. It is shown by the results that the welfare policies of the two major UK parties concentrate more on welfare administration and services than on the welfare system itself and the level of benefits, that more coherence than opposing or confronting positions can be found between the two parties'policies, and that a common development tendency is maintained although different degrees of state intervention or marketorientation are manifested. The system of party competition and rotation in power has never led to the complete overthrowing of the previous ruling parties'policies, while on the contrary, the party in power always pushes its own welfare reform based on that of its predecessor's with only partial improvement.

32 The Factor of Honour in International Relations

SU Ping

As an important factor in international relations, honour has increasingly attracted attention from the scholars in the field of international relations study. Based on the discussion of the concept, characteristics, theoretical basis and analysis model of honour, this paper sets up an analysis framework for international relations, which, started from the multiplicity of humanity, analyses the theory based on which, the reasons why and the approaches in which the factor of honour influences international relations and the related consequences. The factor of honour is exerting significant influences on a state's foreign policies, which can both escalate the international crisis and transform the international structure by maintaining group identity within a state, thus forming an important field of research in contemporary international relations worthy of further exploration.

51 Nongovernmental Organizations and International Cultural Relations

TANG Hong

This paper discusses why the nongovernmental organizations of the European countries like Germany, France and Britain could play an important role in their international cultural relations mainly from three aspects, that is, the pioneer role of the nongovernmental organizations in this field, the political and financial support by the governments and the maintenance of independence of the nongovernmental organizations. The experiences of these European countries have set up an example for the others to build up soft power through cultural diplomacy.

61 "Open Skies"Liberalization of the EU Administrative System of Air Transport

HUANG Jianqiu

There are no substantive rules on air transport in the Common Transport Policy of the EU treaties, therefore the air transport sector is governed by the general rules such as those regulating competition. The Three Packages of Liberalization established an administrative system for intra-Community air transport which superseded the bilateral agreements and opened the territorial air between the member states. When disputes between the EU and the member states arose on the administrative system governing external air transport, the "Open Skies"case of the ECJ recognized the exclusive competence of the Community in this field. The Commission has got a mandate to negotiate a "horizontal agreement" with third countries in order to ensure that the external agreements are compatible with EU law. The "EU-US Open Skies Agreement"helps the achievement of liberalization of market access to air transport and to the investment to airlines, after which the EU would like to promote the expansion of the "Open Skies" agreement model to the world.

77 The Core Economic Area of the EU and the Trend of Its Expansion

LI Bochan

This paper describes the geographical scope of the core economic area of the EU and the trend of its expansion, analyses the formation of the European 'core-periphery' model using the agglomeration theory, growth-pole theory and the core-periphery model created by Krugman,and points out the influences of the EU integration on the European economic geography. Finally, an empirical analysis is used to conclude that the core economic area of the EU is expanding and the causes of this trend have been highlighted at the end of the paper.

92 The Role of European Think Tanks in the Formulation of the EU's China Policy

WANG Yan

This paper gives an introduction of the Brussels-based European think tanks focusing on their Chinese studies and China-related activities. After assessing the influences of these think tanks on the formulation of the EU's policy towards China, this paper analyses some of the reasons why they cannot have a full play in the making of the EU's China policy. This paper also gives several suggestions for these think tanks to meet the future challenges and to become more influential in the EU's China policy making process.

105 The Historical Evolution of the Regional Populist Strategies of the Italian Lega Nord and a Comment on Its Future Prospects

ZHANG Li

After the 'Mani Puliti' movement in the 1990s, great changes have taken place in Italy's party structure which had lasted more than 40 years after World War II. Following the disintegration or transformation of the traditional parties, the Lega Nord has rapidly risen up as an opposition party representing the interests of the north region and entered the coalition government jointly with the centre-right parties for three times. However, with time and the political environment changing rapidly in Italy, the regional populism, the political strategy of the Lega Nord, has not promoted but hindered its further development, thus making the Lega Nord inevitably facing a development dilemma. This essay tracks the evolution of the regional populism as the political strategy of the Lega Nord, analyses the makeup of its supporters and makes comments on its present situations and future prospects.

116 The Year 2008: European Situations and Sino-European Relations

CAI Fangbai

Deep-going, rapid and complicated transformations have taken place in the international situations in the year 2008. Against this background, this paper tries to sort out the current financial and economic crisis and the dilemma of European integration that the EU is facing and the status quo of the Sino-European relations, and makes an analysis of the future development and international influences of the EU itself and the bilateral relationships between China and Europe and put forward several suggestions as to the future of the Sino-European relations.

125 State Socialization: One Agenda in International Relations Study

ZHONG Longbiao

The reasons for the rising of state socialization study lie not only in the need to further develop constructivism but in that to interpret the realistic issues in international politics. State socialization means basically a process during which states acknowledge and accept the ways of thinking and acting expected by the interacting international community, which is to be realized by ways of international community teaching, a process for the international community to socialize through its socialized institutions and implementers, and nation state internalization, a process for the nation states to accept the teaching and to turn the international norms into stable ways of thinking and acting. State socialization mechanisms include strategic calculation, role playing, normative suasion, mimicking, persuasion, social influences, and etc. Both advantages and limitations exist in introducing the concept of state socialization into international relations research and undue socialization should thus be avoided.

138 The Future of Europe: Between Ideal and Reality-A Review on Helmut Schmidt's Ausser Dienst

ZHAO Ke

For many Germans the former chancellor Helmut Schmidt belongs to one of the ideal types of state leaders, who enjoys at the same time a highly international reputation. In his new book published in last year, he analysed clearly and accurately a multitude of issues that the Europeans are facing, including the construction of the EU, the transformation of the welfare state, the Europe-USA relationships, the EU's relations with its neighbour countries and the current international financial crisis. In addition, he talks about such personal topics as the experiences and mistakes in his political life, and political ethics and religions. This paper introduces mainly Schmidt's ideas on the construction of the EU, the current international financial crisis, globalization and economic theories and makes a comment on some of his viewpoints.

ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES

147 China-EU Ambassadors' Forum and Release of Bluebook of Europe 2008-2009

SONG Xiaomin MO Wei

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