《欧洲研究》2008年第6期

欧 洲 研 究

2008年第6期 第26卷  总第154期

 

目 录

 

国际政治经济评论
议程与框架：西方舆论中的我国外交话语	吴瑛
美国知识霸权压力下的欧洲国际关系学     ——欧洲国际关系学的多元选择及其绩效差异	石贤泽
欧洲一体化研究
欧盟信息通讯技术产业政策述评	孙彦红
自由政府间主义及其挑战              ——爱尔兰与欧盟制宪进程的个案研究	王展鹏
里斯本战略评述——从经济增长角度分析欧盟经济	秦爱华
公民社会组织对欧盟政策制定的影响     ——以生物技术政策为例	谭康林
欧洲环境法的法典化运动及其启示	夏凌
欧洲社会政策研究
福利国家中的社会经济压力和决策者     ——德国和意大利家庭政策的比较研究	宋卫清  \[德\]丹尼尔·艾乐
瑞典名义账户养老金制度改革探析	房连泉
欧洲讲坛
欧盟是否还会扩大？	殷桐生
学术动态
记忆建构历史的学术思考      ——第五届中法历史文化研讨班综述	庄和灏

内 容 摘 要

 

议程与框架：西方舆论中的我国外交话语

吴瑛

 

    本文以我国外交部新闻发言人的话语为切入点，探索了当代中国外交话语在西方舆论中的角色问题。通过对2004-2008年间LexisNexis数据库[1]中新闻文本的定量分析和定性解读，笔者发现，我国的外交话语目前仍无法为西方舆论设置议程，西方舆论反过来对我国的外交议程还采取了一种“反向设置”；同时，西方舆论对中国的外交话语主要采取负面、对抗的立场解读，“东方主义框架”和“负责任大国框架”交叉使用，进而通过议程的反设置和框架的选择生产出符合西方利益的“新的话语意义”。要实现中国外交话语在当前舆论环境中的突围，需要从改变西方公众对中国的态度着眼，这既要求中国外交话语自身的调整，又呼唤构建有利于中国外交话语的全方位传播网络。

关键词：外交话语  外交部新闻发言人  议程设置  框架

 

Agenda-setting and Framing：Chinese Diplomatic Discourse among Western Public Opinions

WU Ying

 

Based on the discourse of Chinese Foreign Ministry spokespersons, this paper makes an exploration into the role of Chinese diplomatic discourse among western public opinions. Derived from qualitative and quantitative analysis of the news texts from LexisNexis database ranging from 2004 to 2008, this paper argues that Chinese diplomatic discourse is still incapable of setting agendas for western public opinions, while instead, western public opinions could exert reverse agenda-setting effects on Chinese diplomatic discourse. In addition, most western public opinions adopt a negative and confrontational tone and attempt to have cross interpretations in between conceptions as ‘orientalism China’ and ‘responsible major power’ in their reports. A discourse conforming to western states’ interests is thus generated by their intended reverse agenda setting and frame selecting.

 

 

美国知识霸权压力下的欧洲国际关系学——欧洲国际关系学的多元选择及其绩效差异

石贤泽

 

    面对二战后的美国知识霸权的结构性压力，欧洲内部的不同国家有意识或者无意识地选择了发展本国国际关系学的不同知识路径，这就使得它们应对和化解美国知识霸权压力的绩效具有差异。英国的“独立性的内部指导合作”和北欧地区的“开放性的多层次合作”是较为成功的化解美国知识霸权压力的知识发展路径，而法国的“独立性的学术孤立”和意大利的“开放性的移植生长”并没有突破美国的知识霸权。来自于欧洲内部的多元的国别性和地区性的国际关系学的知识发展能量正在创造一个整体性的欧洲国际关系学，它与美国的国际关系学在知识关系上日益呈现出“复合相互依赖”的特征，在一个相对独立和大致平等的基础上与美国的国际关系学进行互动。这样的整体性的欧洲国际关系学并不是要求一个单一化的欧洲国际关系理论，而是一个多元化的国别性的、地区性的国际关系学。

关键词：美国知识霸权  欧洲国际关系学  内在多元  绩效差异

 

European International Relations under the Pressure of American Intellectual Hegemony:Internal Diversity of Choices and Effects Difference of European International Relations

SHI Xianze

 

In order to cope with and counterbalance the pressure of American intellectual hegemony in the discipline of International Relations (IR) after the World War II, the European countries consciously or unconsciously adopted different intellectual paths to develop this discipline, leading to different effects in their anti-hegemony conducts. Britain’s ‘autonomous internal planned and directed cooperation’ and the Nordic ‘opening multilevel cooperation’ are fairly successful, while France’s ‘autonomous academic isolation’ and Italy’s ‘opening transplanting growth’ fail. It is just the national and regional diversity of IR of Europe that is creating an integrated European IR, which is increasingly in ‘complex interdependence’ with American IR and interacts with the latter on a fairly independent and equal basis. The European IR as such doesn’t require the emergence of a single international relations theory but rather diverse theories in Europe. It is just the diversity of International Relations in 　Europe　 that creates and assures a European IR as a whole.

 

 

欧盟信息通讯技术产业政策述评

孙彦红

 

    作为当代高新技术产业群中最活跃、最具渗透力的部门，信息通讯技术（ICT）产业对于欧盟经济的竞争力和发展前景尤为关键，而不断提高其竞争力正是欧盟ICT产业政策的目标所在。本文旨在对欧盟层面ICT产业政策的发展、内容和效果进行分析与评价。分析表明，欧盟ICT产业政策的确取得了一些实效，但至今仍未能改变其ICT产业整体竞争力及对劳动生产率增长的贡献长期低于美国的局面。近几年来，该政策正在由分散走向整合、由专注于供给转向供求兼顾、由温和转向力度加大，这一转变能否在未来取得实效，将成为欧盟能否保持和提升经济竞争力、成功向信息社会转型的关键。另外，强调尊重欧洲基本价值观和欧洲经济社会模式使得该政策具有了典型的“欧盟特色”，值得他国关注与思考。

关键词：信息通讯技术产业  竞争力  供给政策  需求政策

 

A Study on EU Industrial Policy on Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Industry

SUN Yanhong

 

As the most dynamic and diffusive sector in modern high-tech industries, ICT industry plays a key role for the competitiveness and prospect of the EU economy. This paper aims at analyzing and evaluating the ICT industrial policy at the EU level, including its development, contents and effects. The results show that this policy has actually made some important achievements. However, it has not changed the EU’s longtime lagging situation compared with the US as for the competitiveness of the entire ICT industry and its contribution to labour productivity growth. Recently, this policy is undergoing a transition from separation to integration, from focusing on supply side to the combination of both supply and demand sides and from moderate measures to strengthened regulations. Whether this transition can work well in the future determines to a great extent whether the EU can sustain and improve its economic competitiveness and successfully construct the information society. Additionally, an emphasis on respecting the European values and its economic and social model endows the policy with a typical ‘EU characteristic’, which deserves our attention and consideration.

 

 

自由政府间主义及其挑战——爱尔兰与欧盟制宪进程的个案研究

王展鹏

 

    《里斯本条约》在爱尔兰全民公决中遭到否决，爱尔兰与欧盟制宪进程的互动引起了广泛关注。本文首先考察了解释欧盟条约改革进程的主要理论模式——自由政府间主义的基本假设及其在欧盟条约宪法化不断加强的背景下面临的挑战。其次，在回顾爱尔兰参与欧共体/欧盟条约改革历史与逻辑的基础上，着重分析了在欧洲制宪会议阶段爱尔兰政府的政策以及《里斯本条约》公决期间的辩论情况。最后，文章提出，小国爱尔兰参与欧盟制宪进程的案例对于自由政府间主义关于欧盟条约改革理论的完善发展，以及未来欧盟条约改革的实践具有多方面的启示意义。

关键词：爱尔兰  欧盟制宪进程  《里斯本条约》  自由政府间主义  国家偏好

 

A Critique of Liberal Intergovernmentalism：The Case of Ireland in the European Constitutionalisation Process

WANG Zhanpeng

 

The ‘no’ result towards the Lisbon Treaty by the Irish referendum has drawn extensive academic attention to its impacts on the ongoing EU treaty-reform process. This paper departs from some basic assumptions of liberal intergovernmentalism (LI) as well as the challenges arising from the recent rapid constitutionalsation of the EU treaty. Then on the basis of a brief discussion of the history and logic of Irish experiences in the previous treaty reforms, it examines the policy of Irish government towards the Convention and the national debates around the Lisbon Treaty. Finally the author argues that several important lessons may be drawn from the case study on Ireland and the European constitutionalisation process, which may be meaningful both for the further development of relevant theoretical models, particularly LI, and for the future EU treaty reforms.

 

 

 

里斯本战略评述——从经济增长角度分析欧盟经济

秦爱华

    2000年欧盟制定了十年发展规划——里斯本战略，旨在通过发展知识经济使欧盟在2010年成为世界上最具竞争力的经济体。本文首先分析了里斯本战略的执行和改革情况，进而从理论角度讨论各种生产要素对经济增长的影响，最后对欧元区国家的经济增长进行实证分析，比较分析了1992-2008年各生产要素对欧元区国家经济增长的贡献情况。本文得出结论认为，里斯本战略试图通过发展知识经济提高经济增长率的这一初衷得到了部分体现，但是技术进步对经济增长的贡献率仍然十分有限。

关键词：里斯本战略  经济增长  欧元区  知识经济  技术进步

 

A Review of the Lisbon Strategy: In the Light of Economic Growth

QIN Aihua

 

During the European Council Summit in Lisbon in 2000, the European Union launched a ‘Lisbon Strategy’ aimed at making the European Union the most competitive economy in the world and at achieving full employment by 2010. Firstly, this paper analyses the implementation and reform of the Lisbon Strategy, and then, it discusses the impacts of the different Factors of Production on the economic growth. At last, it makes an empirical analysis of the economic growth of the euro area from 1992 to 2008. In conclusion, the Lisbon Strategy has indeed made a positive impact on the economic growth of the EU, but the contribution of technology progress is still limited.

 

 

公民社会组织对欧盟政策制定的影响——以生物技术政策为例

谭康林

 

    欧洲的公民社会组织虽然不具备正式的决策权，但在欧盟一些政策领域已经成为重要的参与者。但是学界对公民社会组织如何影响欧盟的政策制定仍然众说纷纭。本文选择若干议程设置理论建立起一个整合的分析框架，通过透视环保组织在欧盟生物技术政策议程设置过程中的策略选择，尝试性地探讨公民社会组织对欧盟政策制定的作用方式以及影响其策略选择的关键因素。

关键词：欧盟  公民社会组织  政策制定  议程设置

How Civil Society Organisations Influence Policymaking in the European Union?

-with EU Biotechnology Policymaking as an Example

TAN Kanglin

 

Although civil society organizations are not legally authorized decision-makers in the European Union, they have grown into crucial participants in various policy areas in recent years. However, the issue that in what ways they influence EU decision-making is unfortunately still open to debate. Using an integrated analytical framework of agenda-setting theories, this paper examines how the environmental groups have successfully pushed their arguments onto the agenda of EU’s decision-makers in the field of biotechnology, and then tentatively discusses the political strategies of the civil society organizations in influencing EU policymaking, as well as the critical factors that determine their choice of strategies.

 

 

欧洲环境法的法典化运动及其启示

夏凌

 

    20世纪80年代末欧洲国家针对发展迅速的环境立法中出现的冲突和重叠开始进行重组，重组的一个基本特征就是环境法的法典化。环境法法典化的最主要目的是对环境法进行简约化和系统化。由于立法传统和理念的不同，环境法法典化采用了不同体例，但总的来说，法典化提高了环境立法的质量和内在协调一致性，全面重视各类环境问题，从整体上促进了对环境的保护。

关键词：法典化  环境法  环境法典

 

The Codification of Environmental Law in Europe and Its Inspiration

XIA Ling

 

With the rapid development and expansion of environmental laws in Europe, European countries began to resolve the conflicts between different environmental laws by regrouping them in the end of the 1980s chiefly by way of codification, with the goals of simplification and systematization. Owing to the diversities in the legal traditions and theories of the European countries, different systems have been adopted as to the environmental codes. Generally speaking, the codification of environmental law has improved the quality and harmony of different legislations and protected the environment as a whole.

 

 

福利国家中的社会经济压力和决策者——德国和意大利家庭政策的比较研究

宋卫清  \[德\]丹尼尔·艾乐

 

    德国和意大利的福利国家制度都是建立在深受基督教民主主义影响的欧洲大陆模式上的,强调以家庭为主的社会保障。但在近十多年里,两国在以家庭政策为代表的社会政策领域却呈现出不同的发展路径。本文运用历史制度主义理论对两国的这一差异进行比较分析后认为，社会经济压力能否对社会福利政策的延续或改变起作用,在于政治参与者是否达成认知上的趋同,从而把握住决定性的时机进行变革。

关键词：福利国家  家庭政策  比较公共政策  德国  意大利

 

Social-Economic Pressures and Policy-makers in Welfare State: A Comparative Study on Changes of Family Policy in Germany and Italy

SONG Weiqing  Daniel Erler \[Germany\]

 

Though differing in some ways, the German and Italian welfare states share a common anchorage to the Christian Democratic version of the Continental model, with strong emphasis on family subsidiarity and traditional gender role. Over the last decade or so, the two countries have diverged into different paths in social policies such as the domain of work and family reconciliation. Equipped with historical institutional theory, this comparative study contends that whether social-economic pressures can drive for policy changes is dependent upon the crucial role of political actors to reach a consensus on problem perception and policy priorities at the moment of critical junctures.

 

 

瑞典名义账户养老金制度改革探析

房连泉

 

    自20世纪90年代以来，世界上诞生了一种崭新的社会保障制度—名义账户养老金制度。瑞典是世界上第一个引入这种制度的国家，也是迄今为止改革成效最好的国家之一。本文在回顾90年代以来瑞典养老金制度改革过程的基础上，重点分析瑞典名义账户制设计和实施中的几个关键性问题，以期对十几年来瑞典养老金制度改革的效果做出总结与评价。

关键词：瑞典  养老金制度  改革  名义账户制

 

A Research on Swedish Non-financial Defined Contribution (NDC) Pension Reform

FANG Lianquan

 

In the 1990s a new model of social security system-non-financial defined contribution pension (NDC) plan-was born. 　　Sweden　　 was not only the first country adopting this plan, but the most successful one in NDC pension reform. This paper first reviews the pension reform process in 　　Sweden　　 during the past decade, focusing on key issues in the design and implementation of NDC plan, and then it provides some comments on the effects of Swedish pension reform.

 

 

欧盟是否还会扩大？

殷桐生

 

    欧共体/欧盟先后经历了6次扩大，成为今天拥有4亿人口、432万平方公里面积、27个成员的超国家组织。然而欧盟的“扩大”却日益加剧了“深化”的矛盾。随着欧盟主要国家领导人更迭和爱尔兰全民公决否决《里斯本条约》，人们纷纷对欧盟进一步扩大提出了质疑，不同论点的学者也为此展开了相应的论战。本文从欧盟扩大的历史轨迹，向欧洲回归和实行泛欧联合的可能性，欧盟扩大面临的挑战，欧盟为何要扩大以及对欧盟扩大的展望等几个层面分析了欧盟是否还会扩大这一热点问题。

关键词：欧盟扩大  《里斯本条约》  欧洲文化  扩大间隙

 

Will the European Union (EU) Be Further Enlarged?

YIN Tongsheng

 

The EU has experienced 6 enlargements in 1973, 1981, 1986, 1995, 2004 and 2007 respectively and now become a 27-member supranational structure with 490 million people and 4,324,000 square kilometers in area. However, EU’s enlargement is always followed by increasingly intensified contradiction with its deepening. Upon the change of government leaders in several key EU countries and the rejection of the Lisbon Treaty by the public of Ireland, doubts about EU’s further enlargement has been put forward, with scholars engaged in such debates. This paper analyses the issue whether the EU should be further enlarged from the following aspects：a historical account of EU enlargement, the possibility of returning to Europe and the carrying out of pan European unification, the challenge that the EU faces for its enlargement, the reasons why the EU should further enlarge and the prospect of its further enlargement.

 

 

记忆建构历史的学术思考——第五届中法历史文化研讨班综述

庄和灏

 

The Fifth Workshop on “China-France: Comparative Studies of History and Culture”

ZHUANG Hehao