《欧洲研究》2008年第4期

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欧洲研究

2008年第4期第26卷总第152期

欧洲一体化研究

论欧盟的经济力量	王鹤

边界转型对欧洲一体化进程的影响机制	李铁立

欧盟与区域间主义：区域效用与全球意义	郑先武

欧盟参与中东和平进程: 动因、角色与困境	张学昆

国际政治经济评论

威胁认知、主权干预与中欧战略合作	阎梁

国别与地区

丹麦后发展道路解析	朱天飚

俄罗斯的“主权民主”思想	庞大鹏

“9·11”事件后欧盟与东盟反恐合作初探	张鹏

研究述评

弗莱堡学派和宪政经济学	赵小健陈倩莹

欧洲社会政策研究

德国福利国家的自我校正	杨解朴

欧洲讲坛

关于欧洲模式的探索和思辨	伍贻康

学术动态

“竞争与伙伴关系：中国与欧盟经济贸易关系热点问题”会议综述	史世伟

内容摘要

论欧盟的经济力量

王鹤

从人口、国内生产总值、国际贸易等经济总量考察，欧盟作为一个整体的经济实力基本与美国相当；从经济多极化的角度而言，欧盟是世界经济的重要一极。欧元自启动以来很快成为仅次于美元的世界第二大货币，这打破了美元一家独霸的局面，有助于国际金融体系的稳定和促进世界经济的平衡发展。欧盟依据其经济力量，通过贸易和发展援助政策以及倡导多边主义原则而成为国际经济的规则制定者。欧盟的经济一体化模式和经济社会模式对世界经济产生了重大的示范影响。

关键词：经济总量欧元多边主义欧洲经济模式软力量

On The Economic Power of the EU

WANG He

In terms of population, GDP, trade flows and financial size, the EU is a global economic power almost equally matched with the United States. After its introduction, the euro has rapidly become the second most important international currency behind only the US dollar, a major new pillar in the international monetary system and an important pole of stability for the world economy. Based on its economic strength, the EU, through its common policy on trade, development assistance and as a champion of multilateralism, becomes one of the formulators of international economic regulations. In addition, the EU’s economic integration model and social economic model also act as the examples for the world economy.

边界转型对欧洲一体化进程的影响机制

李铁立

成员国边界对欧洲一体化的影响是复杂和深刻的，一般可以概括为显性和隐性两个方面。从边界转型的角度看，欧洲一体化的过程就是边界不断由阻碍效应向接触和过滤效应转变的过程，而边境地区一体化又可以成为边界转型的重要推动力。因此，从这个意义上说，边境地区一体化是欧洲一体化的微观动力。本文首先分析了成员国边界对欧洲一体化的影响机制，进而讨论边境地区合作对边界转型的意义，最后探讨了欧洲边境地区一体化的治理模式。

关键词：边界转型边境地区一体化影响机制治理模式

The Influence Mechanism of Border Transformation on the European Integration

LI Tieli

Borders between the member states of the EU have exercised complex and profound effects on the European integration, including both explicit and implicit ones. From the view of border transformation, which can be promoted by cross-border cooperation, the European integration process is just one of borders transforming from obstructing into contacting and filtrating factors. Therefore, cross-border cooperation can serve as a micro-impetus for the European integration. This paper analyses the influence mechanism of the borders on the European integration and discusses the impacts of cross-border cooperation on the border transformation. At last, the author analyses the governance models of cross-border cooperation.

欧盟与区域间主义：区域效用与全球意义

郑先武

区域间主义已成为国际关系中一种新的现象，而欧盟在其中扮演着关键的“领跑者”角色。欧盟区域间主义以综合性、多元性、契约性、条件性等核心特征，形成一种独特的“欧盟模式”。它不仅通过规范扩散、认同强化、利益共享和制度建设给欧盟自身发展带来了重要区域效用，而且通过对基于区域一体化的新型南北关系的探索和对世界多极化趋势及“多区域主义”全球新秩序建设进程的推动，对全球政治经济产生了积极的影响。

关键词：欧盟区域间主义欧盟模式多区域主义全球新秩序

The European Union and Interregionalism: Regional Effects and Global Influences

ZHENG Xianwu

Interregionalism has become a new phenomenon in international relations. The EU, as a global actor, has been one of the most important pioneers of interregionalism. With such characteristics as comprehensiveness, multi-pluralism, contractuality and conditionality, a unique EU model has been formed as regards interregionalism. It not only brings great regional effects to its own development through norms-diffusing, identity-strengthening, interest-sharing and institution-building, but exerts positive influences on the global political economy by exploring a new mode of the South-North relations based on regional integration and by advancing the tendency of multi-polarization and a new world order founded upon multi-regionalism.

欧盟参与中东和平进程:动因、角色与困境

张学昆

出于地缘政治、经济、安全、移民、历史等方面的原因，同时受欧盟扩大其国际影响力的动机驱使，欧盟谋求在中东和平进程中扮演重要角色，并有意同美国的中东政策拉开距离。虽然中东和平进程是欧盟共同外交与安全政策取得成效最多的领域之一，但由于欧盟的共同外交与安全政策一直面临“期望-能力差距”的困境，欧盟在中东和平进程中更多的是在经济援助上发挥主导作用，政治进程仍被美国主导。欧盟想要在国际政治舞台上扮演一个强有力的国际行为体角色，需要突破自身在外交与安全领域所面临的“期望-能力差距”的困境。本文从地缘政治理论出发，基于“国际行为体”属性和“期望-能力差距”两个分析概念，对欧盟参与中东和平进程的动因、角色与困境作一分析。

关键词：欧盟中东和平进程国际行为体 “期望-能力差距”

The EU’s Participation in the Middle East Peace Process: Causes, Roles and Predicament

ZHANG Xuekun

As the most integrated organization in the contemporary world and a capable international actor, the European Union is playing an increasingly important role in the international arena. While the Middle East, with its important strategic position, rich oil resources, multi-religions and complicated ethnic factors, is one of the least integrated areas as well as a hot spot in the world and, adjacent to Europe geographically, it has been traditionally viewed as the “backyard” of Europe. Out of a series of reasons including the geopolitical, economic and security ones, the EU aspires to play an even more influential role in relation to its near neighbours in the 　Middle East　 and determined to formulate its own policy different from that of the 　　US　　. Nevertheless, owing to the “expectation-capability gap” in its foreign policy and security area, the EU has, for a long time, been playing a leading role only in the field of economic assistance and is still led by the US in the political process of the Middle East.

威胁认知、主权干预与中欧战略合作

阎梁

现有国际关系理论从不同视角或层面解释了中欧合作现象，不过这些理论难以对历次中欧战略合作提供前后一致的解释。针对这一不足，本文提出了“威胁认知-主权干预”的理论解释模式。该理论解释认为，如果中国和欧洲大国之间具备共同的威胁认知，并且满足互不进行主权干预的条件，双方就能实现某种形式的战略合作，包括近年来建立的中国和欧盟之间的战略伙伴关系。文章通过选取外交史典型案例以及有关数据库检验了该理论解释，并从对象和时段两个维度扩展了其解释范围。在结论部分，作者总结了该理论模式之不足以及未来值得进一步研究的问题。

关键词：中欧关系威胁认知历史学习主权干预

Threat Cognition, Sovereign Interference and Sino-European Strategic Cooperation

YAN Liang

Given the fact that the existing international relationships theories couldn’t provide coherent explanations to the Sino-European strategic cooperation during the last half century, the author tries to put forward an innovative explanation. According to this explanation, if 　　China　　 and the European powers have common threat cognition and no sovereign interferences exist between them, bilateral strategic cooperation will be formed, including the recently-built Sino-European strategic partnership. The author tests the above hypothesis by selecting some typical diplomatic cases and using the correlative database. At last, this paper also summarises the defects of this argument and provides several issues deserving further studies.

丹麦后发展道路解析

朱天飚

本文探讨丹麦在一战前的经济发展道路，在现有的以国家或社会为主的解释基础上，指出理解丹麦不同的后发展道路的关键是国际政治环境以及国家对这个环境的反应。早期的军事竞争给丹麦政权带来了整合国内政治势力的紧迫感和推动经济发展的愿望，这直接导致国家抑制贵族势力和培育独立农民的措施，从而为19世纪农业发展和产品升级奠定了基础。但是，丹麦在欧洲军事竞争中的失利使其逐渐放弃争霸，转而依附强权。这一变化使其政权在19世纪下半期失去了介入经济的紧迫感和动力，因此丹麦19世纪的经济发展成为一种渐进的市场导向的发展。

关键词：丹麦后发展军事竞争独立农民产品升级

Explaining Denmark’s Late Development

ZHU Tianbiao

This paper explains the path of Denmark’s late development before the World War I. Based on the existing state- or society-centered explanations, this paper argues that the key to understanding Denmark’s late development is the then international political context and Denmark’s reactions to it. The international military competition in the early years created pressures for 　　Denmark　　 to integrate its domestic forces and to engage in economic development, which directly led to its suppressing the nobles and supporting the independent farmers and thus paved the way for agricultural development and product upgrading in the 19th Century. However, as 　　Denmark　　 gradually lost its position in the European military competition, it changed its strategy and attached itself to the big powers. This change reduced the pressures on the State to intervene in domestic economy and the mode of Denmark’s economic development therefore shifted gradually towards a market-led direction in the 19th Century.

俄罗斯的“主权民主”思想

庞大鹏

以普京2005年国情咨文为标志，俄罗斯提出了“主权民主”思想。当前，“主权民主”思想对于俄罗斯发展的重要意义已经超出了意识形态的范畴，它反映了俄罗斯联邦当前和今后一段时期的状态。本文论述了俄罗斯“主权民主”思想提出的历史背景、形成基础、发展过程、政治内涵、政治影响及其政治前景。

关键词：俄罗斯 “主权民主” 发展道路

The Idea of Russia’s “Sovereign Democracy”

PANG Dapeng

Symoblised by the Annual Address of President Putin to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation in 2005, Russia put forward the idea of “sovereign democracy”. Nowadays, the roles of this idea, which represents the situations of 　　Russia　　 in the current and future time, have gone beyond the sense of pure ideology. This article analyses the political background of the idea of “sovereign democracy”, its development process, political connotations and impacts on Russia’s political prospects.

“9·11”事件后欧盟与东盟反恐合作初探

张鹏

“9·11”事件后，欧盟与东盟两大地区集团从维护自身安全及战略利益的需要出发，依托联合国反恐委员会、亚欧会议、东盟地区论坛、欧盟-东盟部长级会议、欧共体-东盟共同合作委员会等一系列机制平台，在许多领域进行了卓有成效的区域间反恐合作，但某些潜在的制约因素也应引起欧盟和东盟双方的重视。目前，欧盟与东盟的跨区域反恐合作仍处于一种标志性、意向性、有限性的规划与实践阶段，在可以预见的未来，双方将以众多成员国之间双边或多边的功能性合作为主要突破口。

关键词：欧盟东盟反恐合作

An Exploration of the Counter-Terrorism Cooperation between the EU and ASEAN after the “9·11” Event

ZHANG Peng

After the “9·11” Event, to uphold their own security and strategic interests, the EU and ASEAN have implemented a series of effective cooperation in various fields of counter-terrorism relying on a set of mechanisms and platforms such as UNSCCTC, AESM, ARF, AEMM, EAJCC, and etc. However, the two regional organisations have not yet paid enough attention to certain potential restrictions. In short, nowadays trans-regional counter-terrorism cooperation between the EU and ASEAN still confines to the plans and practice which are symbolic, intentional and limited. In the foreseeable future, the bi-lateral and multi-lateral functional cooperation among their member countries will become the major breakthrough in this field.

弗莱堡学派和宪政经济学

赵小健陈倩莹

本文首先介绍弗莱堡学派的历史背景及其方法论，然后叙述弗莱堡学派和德国社会市场经济之间的联系。其次，阐述了现代宪政经济学的基本思想，分析立宪选择的问题，然后区分了宪政的两种观点：契约观点和传统习俗观点。本文还比较了弗莱堡学派和宪政经济学，指出它们的相同点和不同点。最后讨论了弗莱堡学派传统的未来前景。

关键词：弗莱堡学派新自由主义宪政政治经济学

The Freiburg School and Constitutional Political Economy

ZHAO Xiaojian CHEN Qianying

This paper introduces the historical and methodological background and the basic ideas of the Freiburg School, and the links between it and German Social Market Economy. The authors also present the basic ideas of the modern constitutional economics, analyse the problems of constitutional choice and then distinguish between the two views of constitutionalism, that is, the views of contract and of convention. The emphasis of this paper is on the similarities and dissimilarities between the 　　Freiburg　　School　　 and Constitutional Economics. Finally, it discusses the future of the tradition of the 　　Freiburg　　School　　.

德国福利国家的自我校正

杨解朴

经过二战后的黄金发展阶段，“德国福利国家模式”曾被普遍认为是成功的经济和就业政策的代名词。但20世纪90年代以来，由于经济增长疲软、失业率不断增加，“德国模式”受到质疑。在全球化和欧洲一体化的外部压力以及国内经济和社会结构转型的内部压力下，具有传统社会保护色彩的德国福利国家模式正在通过进行现代化改革，从困境中寻求新出路。本文将剖析德国福利国家所面临的内外挑战，探讨德国福利国家进行自我校正的内容和方法以及校正过程中利益相关者之间的利益冲突，在此基础上对德国福利国家自我校正的发展方向做出判断。

关键词：德国福利国家社会保障改革

Recalibrating German Welfare State

YANG Xiepu

At the golden age after the end of the World War II, the German Welfare State Model was commonly believed to be the synonym of successful economic and employment policy. However, ever since the 1990s, the German Model has been put under doubt due to the weak economic growth and increasing unemployment rate. Under the pressures of both the globalization and European integration and the transformation of domestic economic and social structures, 　　Germany　　 is trying to seek a new way by reforming its traditional welfare state model which bears an obvious colour of social protection. This paper makes an analysis of the external and internal challenges that the German welfare state is facing, explores the contents and methods of its recalibration and the conflicts of interests during this process, and makes a judgment of the direction of its future development.

关于欧洲模式的探索和思辨

伍贻康

本文认为，“欧洲模式”的使用和阐释需要规范和界定，应有总体和分类、范畴和层次的界限区别。欧盟区域整合共同治理模式名副其实可赋予“欧洲模式”的称谓。欧洲模式的核心和基础是欧洲一体化和区域共同治理，这是一种没有先例的政治体制和制度创新，是对传统国家模式的超越、对现有国际关系的突破，将会开创一个民族主权国家体制和超国家治理体制并存的新的历史发展阶段。欧洲模式具有时空局限性、意识形态色彩和利己主义思考，但它体现了历史发展进程的一个基本趋势：打破国界走向融合。这是符合历史发展大方向的，其蕴含的理念、经验和精神具有启迪和借鉴意义，有一定的普适性。

关键词：欧洲模式思辨规范解析普适性

An Exploration into and Analysis of the EU Model

WU Yikang

This paper believes that to use and explain the concept “EU model” requires standardization and delimitation and a distinction between the generalities and particulars and between the different categories and levels. The EU’s common regional governance model can in effect be granted the name of “EU model”. The core and basis of the EU model is the European integration and the common regional governance, which is an unprecedented innovation in political system and institution-building, a transgression of the classical state model, a break away from the traditional international relationships and which will open up a new historical stage where sovereign states and supra-national governance system co-exist. Limits still exist as to the EU model both in time and space and it also contains ideological and egocentric defects, but it implies a fundamental tendency of historical development, that is, integration based on the elimination of state boundaries is in harmony with the historical development and the ideas, experiences and spirits it bears possess a certain reference and universality.

“竞争与伙伴关系：中国与欧盟经济贸易关系热点问题”会议综述

史世伟

International Conference on “Competition and Partnership: Key Issues in the Economic and Trade Relationships between China and the EU”

SHI Shiwei